81911-2 Modifying in windshield frame 0.2 hr.1982 Volvo 240 L4-2127cc 2.1L SOHC B21F Technical Service Bulletin # ATRATB028 Date: 901001

A/T - Engine Vacuum Testing

BULLETIN: # 028

DATE: October 1990

SUBJECT: Engine Testing With A Vacuum Gauge

TRANSMISSION: All

Engine Testing With A Vacuum Gauge

ENGINE/TRANSMISSION RELATIONS

An important part of transmission diagnosis is to make certain the engine operates properly. If the engine performance is incorrect, the transmission

will receive the wrong information.

The engine sends signals to the transmission through a vacuum line, throttle cable or both. These signals basically synchronize torque with

transmission line pressure, shift feel and shift timing.

Malfunctions in items like the air filter, spark plugs, EGR valves and other parts of the fuel, electrical and emission systems could result in

improper transmission performance.

VACUUM GAUGE ENGINE PERFORMANCE TESTING

1982 Volvo 240 L4-2127cc 2.1L SOHC B21F Copyright ? 2013, ALLDATA 10.52SS Page 57

A vacuum gauge shows the difference between outside atmospheric pressure and the amount of vacuum present in the intake manifold.

The pistons in the engine serve as suction pumps and the amount of vacuum they create is affected by the related actions of:

^ Piston rings

^ Valves

^ Ignition system

^ Fuel control system

^ Other parts affecting the combustion process (emission devices, etc.).

Each has a characteristic effect on vacuum and you judge their performance by watching variations from normal.

It is important to judge engine performance by the general location and action of the needle on a vacuum gauge, rather than just by a vacuum

reading. Gauge readings which may be found are as follows:

NORMAL ENGINE OPERATION

At idling speed, an engine at sea level should show a steady vacuum reading between 14" and 22" HG. A quick opening and closing of the throttle

should cause vacuum to drop below 5" then rebound to 23" or more. See figure 1.

GENERAL IGNITION TROUBLES OR STICKING VALVES

With the engine idling, continued fluctuation of 1 to 2 inches may indicate an ignition problem. Check the spark plugs, spark plug gap, primary

ignition circuit, high tension cables, distributor cap or ignition coil. Fluctuations of 3 to 4 inches may be sticking valves. See figure 2.

INTAKE SYSTEM LEAKAGE, VALVE TIMING, OR LOW COMPRESSION

A vacuum reading at idle much lower than normal can indicate leakage through intake manifold gaskets, manifold-to-carburetor gaskets, vacuum

brakes or the vacuum modulator. Low readings could also be very late valve timing or worn piston rings. See figure 3.

1982 Volvo 240 L4-2127cc 2.1L SOHC B21F Copyright ? 2013, ALLDATA 10.52SS Page 58

EXHAUST BACK PRESSURE

Starting with the engine at idle, slowly increase engine speed to 3000 RPM, engine vacuum should be equal to or higher than idle vacuum at 3000

RPM.

If vacuum decreases at higher engine RPM's, an excessive exhaust back pressure is probably present.

CYLINDER HEAD GASKET LEAKAGE

With the engine Idling, the vacuum gauge pointer will drop sharply, every time the leak occurs. The drop will be from the steady reading shown by

the pointer to a reading of 10" to 12" Hg or less. If the leak Is between two cylinders, the drop will be much greater. You can determine the location

of the leak by compression tests. See figure 4.

FUEL CONTROL SYSTEM TROUBLES

All other systems in an engine must be functioning properly before you check the fuel control system as a cause for poor engine performance. If the

pointer has a slow floating motion of 4 to 5 inches - you should check the fuel control.

BULLETIN RECAP

^ Engine problems can affect transmission performance.

^ If you suspect an engine problem, connect a vacuum gauge to the intake manifold.

^ Note the location and action of the vacuum gauge needle.

^ Use the information in the bulletin to determine the engine problem.

^ Correct the engine problem before doing extensive calibration work on the transmission.